Migration in the early 1900s

In the period between World Wars I and II, restrictive conditions for entry into Australia remained. However, there was a growth in the migration of people, especially men, from southern Europe. They brought with them many skills, education and their own cultural values. They helped develop Australia’s rural industries, and built roads and railways. Skilled Italian stonemasons made a significant contribution to the construction of public buildings and residences.

At the end of the 1930s, Jewish refugees began to arrive from Europe. They were escaping from the threat of Nazi Germany. They came from Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland. Many were highly educated and they contributed greatly to Australia’s economy and cultural life.

Approximately 18,000 Italian soldiers captured in the Second World War were held in prisoner of war camps in Australia. They only stayed a short time in the camps, but they were treated fairly and many learned something about the land and the people. After the war, many returned to Australia as immigrants.